Integration of hyperspectral and LiDAR data for mapping small water bodies     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Inland water bodies are globally threatened by environmental degradation and climate change. On the other hand, new water bodies can be designed during landscape restoration (e.g. after coal mining). Effective management of new water resources requires continuous monitoring; in situ surveys are, however, extremely time-demanding. Remote sensing has been widely used for identifying water bodies. However, the use of optical imagery is constrained by accuracy problems related to the difficulty in distinguishing water features from other surfaces with low albedo, such as tree shadows. This is especially true when mapping water bodies of different sizes. To address these problems, we evaluated the potential of integrating hyperspectral data with LiDAR (hereinafter “integrative approach”). The study area consisted of several spoil heaps containing heterogeneous water bodies with a high variability of shape and size. We utilized object-based classification (Support Vector Machine) based on: (i) hyperspectral data; (ii) LiDAR variables; (iii) integration of both datasets. Besides, we classified hyperspectral data using pixel-based approaches (K-mean, spectral angle mapper). Individual approaches (hyperspectral data, LiDAR data and integrative approach) resulted in 2–22.4 % underestimation of the water surface area (i.e, omission error) and 0.4–1.5 % overestimation (i.e., commission error).The integrative approach yielded an improved discrimination of open water surface compared to other approaches (omission error of 2 % and commission error of 0.4 %). We also evaluated the success of detecting individual ponds; the integrative approach was the only one capable of detecting the water bodies with both omission and commission errors below 10 %. Finally, the assessment of misclassification reasons showed a successful elimination of shadows in the integrative approach. Our findings demonstrate that the integration of hyperspectral and LiDAR data can greatly improve the identification of small water bodies and can be applied in practice to support mapping of restoration process.  相似文献   

基于间接平差的ICP点云配准算法研究     

于明旭 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):38-40

点云配准精度是决定三维重建模型的质量因素之一,目前,最常用是ICP点云配准算法,经典的ICP算法易局部收敛,影响点云配准精度。本文提出基于间接平差的ICP点云配准算法,设定目标点集中目标点坐标与转入目标点集中的点坐标之间的距离阈值实现点云精确配准。通过与经典ICP算法对比可知,本算法在一定程度上提高了点云配准精度和速度。  相似文献   

一种由粗到精的地面激光点云多层级配准方法     

王英  张云生 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):156-159

提出了一种综合利用快速点特征直方图(FPFH)描述符和同名点引导ICP优化的地面激光扫描(TLS)点云配准方法。该方法包括3个步骤:1)点云金字塔构建;2)基于FPFH的粗配准;3)同名点引导的ICP精配准。首先使用体素网格滤波器构造点云的金字塔结构,在粗配准时,FPFH描述符用于金字塔顶层上点云的鲁棒匹配,在此基础上,再进行两层级同名点引导的ICP精配准优化,使用3组典型TLS点云对进行实验,结果表明本文方法可以高效地完成TLS点云的配准。  相似文献   

Quantifying terrain controls on runoff retention and routing in the Northern Prairies     

Igor Pavlovskii  Saskia L. Noorduijn  Jessica E. Liggett  Jeanette Klassen  Masaki Hayashi 《水文研究》2020,34(2):473-484

The role of hummocky terrain in governing runoff routing and focussing groundwater recharge in the Northern Prairies of North America is widely recognised. However, most hydrological studies in the region have not effectively utilised information on the surficial geology and associated landforms in large-scale hydrological characterization. The present study uses an automated digital elevation model (DEM) analysis of a 6500-km² area in the Northern Prairies to quantify hydrologically relevant terrain parameters for the common types of terrains in the prairies with different surficial deposits widespread in the prairies, namely, moraines and glaciolacustrine deposits. Runoff retention (and storage) capacity within depressions varies greatly between different surficial deposits and is comparable in magnitude with a typical amount of seasonal snowmelt runoff generation. The terrain constraint on potential runoff retention varies from a few millimetres in areas classified as moraine to tens of millimetres in areas classified as stagnant ice moraine deposits. Fluted moraine and glaciolacustrine deposits have intermediate storage capacity values. The study also identified the probability density function describing a number of immediate upstream neighbours for each depression in a fill-and-spill network. A relationship between depression parameters and surficial deposits, as well as identified depression network structure, allows parametrisation of hydrologic models outside of the high-resolution DEM coverage, which can still account for terrain variation in the Prairies.  相似文献   

BDS-3多频点伪距单点定位性能研究     

张乾坤  刘小生  何琦敏 《测绘通报》2020,(1):71-75

针对目前有关北斗三号系统伪距单点定位研究较少，未对三号系统多个频点的定位性能进行对比分析的现状，本文利用实测数据对三号系统多个频点的定位性能进行了研究，并联合BDS-2、Galileo进行了同频伪距单点定位试验，统计分析了组合定位多个频点的同频定位结果。试验结果表明：目前三号系统单独定位能力有限，不适合单独定位；BDS-3/Galileo同频组合定位可以弥补BDS-3新频点单频定位时卫星个数不足、数据不完整导致的定位精度过差的情况，同时能够提高Galileo的定位精度；BDS-2/3的B3I频点与BDS/Galileo组合的B2b频点的定位精度均与GPS的L1频点的定位精度相当。  相似文献   

BDS-2/BDS-3伪距单点定位精度分析          下载免费PDF全文

方欣颀  范磊 《全球定位系统》2020,45(1):19-25

北斗三号(BDS-3)基本系统于2018年底开始提供全球服务．通过处理37个全球GNSS服务组织(IGS)多模实验跟踪网(MGEX)观测站90天北斗数据,评估了北斗二号(BDS-2)和BDS-3在全球范围内的可见卫星数、几何精度衰减因子(GDOP)和单频伪距单点定位精度,分析了BDS-2／BDS-3组合对BDS-2、BDS-3单系统空间几何构型、伪距单点定位(SPP)精度的改善程度．结果表明,BDS-3的空间几何构型较BDS-2有明显的提升,定位精度在东方向、北方向和高程方向分别为1.490、2.610、5.238 m(RMS),相较于BDS-2分别提高了58％、1％、24％．BDS-2／BDS-3组合在东方向、北方向和高程方向分别为1.45、2.36、4.90 m(RMS),较BDS-2与BDS-3单系统分别提高了59％、11％、29％,以及3％、10％、6％．并且BDS-2／BDS-3组合明显削弱了BDS-2定位精度与地理经度相关的边缘效应.   相似文献   

A new concept for estimating the influence of vegetation on throughfall kinetic energy using aerial laser scanning     

Johannes Antenor Senn  Fabian Ewald Fassnacht  Jana Eichel  Steffen Seitz  Sebastian Schmidtlein 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(7):1487-1498

Soil loss caused by erosion has enormous economic and social impacts. Splash effects of rainfall are an important driver of erosion processes; however, effects of vegetation on splash erosion are still not fully understood. Splash erosion processes under vegetation are investigated by means of throughfall kinetic energy (TKE). Previous studies on TKE utilized a heterogeneous set of plant and canopy parameters to assess vegetation's influence on erosion by rain splash but remained on individual plant- or plot-levels. In the present study we developed a method for the area-wide estimation of the influence of vegetation on TKE using remote sensing methods. In a literature review we identified key vegetation variables influencing splash erosion and developed a conceptual model to describe the interaction of vegetation and raindrops. Our model considers both amplifying and protecting effect of vegetation layers according to their height above the ground and aggregates them into a new indicator: the Vegetation Splash Factor (VSF). It is based on the proportional contribution of drips per layer, which can be calculated via the vegetation cover profile from airborne LiDAR datasets. In a case study, we calculated the VSF using a LiDAR dataset for La Campana National Park in central Chile. The studied catchment comprises a heterogeneous mosaic of vegetation layer combinations and types and is hence well suited to test the approach. We calculated a VSF map showing the relation between vegetation structure and its expected influence on TKE. Mean VSF was 1.42, indicating amplifying overall effect of vegetation on TKE that was present in 81% of the area. Values below 1 indicating a protective effect were calculated for 19% of the area. For future work, we recommend refining the weighting factor by calibration to local conditions using field-reference data and comparing the VSF with TKE field measurements. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献   

Monitoring soil surface roughness under growing winter wheat with low-altitude UAV sensing: Potential and limitations     

Nils Onnen  Anette Eltner  Goswin Heckrath  Kristof Van Oost 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(14):3747-3759

Soil surface roughness (SSR) is an important factor in controlling sediment and runoff generation, influencing directly a wide spectrum of erosion parameters. SSR is highly variable in time and space under natural conditions, and characterizing SSR to improve the parameterization of hydrological and erosion models has proved challenging. Our study uses recent technological and algorithmic developments in capturing and processing close aerial sensing data to evaluate how high-resolution imagery can assist the temporally and spatially explicit monitoring of SSR. We evaluated the evolution of SSR under natural rainfall and growing vegetation conditions on two arable fields in Denmark. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry was used to monitor small field plots over 7 months after seeding of winter wheat following conventional and reduced tillage treatments. Field campaigns were conducted at least once a month from October until April, resulting in nine time steps of data acquisition. Structure from motion photogrammetry was used to derive high-resolution point clouds with an average ground sampling distance of 2.7 mm and a mean ground control point accuracy of 1.8 mm. A comprehensive workflow was developed to process the point clouds, including the detection of vegetation and the removal of vegetation-induced point cloud noise. Rasterized and filtered point clouds were then used to determine SSR geostatistically as the standard deviation of height, applying different kernel sizes and using semivariograms. The results showed an influence of kernel size on roughness, with a value range of 0.2–1 cm of average height deviation during the monitoring period. Semivariograms showed a measurable decrease in sill variance and an increase in range over time. This research demonstrated multiple challenges to measuring SSR with UAV under natural conditions with increasing vegetation cover. The proposed workflow represents a step forward in tackling those challenges and provides a knowledge base for future research. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于LiDAR的农田地形环境三维重建方法     

郎朗  冯晓蓉  刘浪 《测绘通报》2020,(2):55-60

为克服传统农田土地平整测量方法耗时费力的特点，提出采用LiDAR技术对农田地形进行重建的探索性研究。通过HDL-32E型激光雷达等搭建了系统的硬件平台，应用C++语言编写了系统数据的采集程序；在此基础上对激光雷达所采集数据进行了标定，研究了农田地形重建系统中不同坐标系的转换方法；同时基于最小值去噪法设计了更适用于农田地形点云去噪的均值限差去噪法。通过对比在农田起伏较大区域不同坡度范围内RTK与激光雷达所测单元个数，对系统精度进行了评价；最后实现了车载农田地形重建系统的界面显示、应用与精度评估。结果表明，在10°~15°、25°~30°大坡度范围内激光雷达所获农田地形更为丰富，精度更高。该方法重建的农田地形模型点云数据和原始农田地形点云数据投影面积逼近度可达93%，验证了本文研究方法应用于农田地形环境重建的可行性，同时为今后的土地精细平整工作提供了理论参考与依据。  相似文献   

Lidar-aided analysis of boreal forest backscatter at Ku band     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

This paper analyzes the backscatter of the microwave signal in a boreal forest environment based on a Ku -band airborne Frequency-Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) profiling radar—Tomoradar. We selected a half-managed boreal forest in the southern part of Finland for a field test. By decomposing the waveform collected by the Tomoradar, the vertical canopy structure was achieved. Based on the amplitude of the waveform, the Backscattered Energy Ratio of Canopy-to-Total (BERCT) was calculated. Meanwhile, the canopy fraction was derived from the corresponding point cloud recorded by a Velodyne VLP-16 LiDAR mounted on the same platform. Lidar-derived canopy fraction was obtained by counting the number of the first/ the strongest returns versus the total amount of returns. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of radar-derived BERCT on lidar-derived canopy fraction and canopy height are investigated. A fitted model is derived to describe the Ku-band microwave backscatter in the boreal forest to numerically analyze the proportion contributed by four factors: lidar-derived canopy fraction, radar-derived canopy height, the radar-derived distance between trees and radar sensor and other factors, from co-polarization Tomoradar measurements. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of the proposed model was 0.0958, and the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.912. The fitted model reveals that the correlation coefficient between radar-derived BERCT and lidar-derived canopy fraction is 0.84, which illustrates that lidar surface reflection explains the majority of the profiling /waveform radar response. Thus, vertical canopy structure derived from lidar can be used for the benefit of radar analysis.  相似文献